HUMAN CLONING: SOME ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS
Introduction
If you read the newspaper or listen to television news, you have heard a lot about cloning. Do you know exactly what a clone is? According to the dictionary, a clone is a group of genetically identical cells that are descended from a common ancestor, such as a clone of bacterial cells grown from one original bacterial cell in a laboratory. A clone could also be an organism that grew from a single parent by asexual reproduction. For example, an organism called a hydra reproduces asexually by growing buds from its body. When the buds mature and drop off, they are new organisms that are genetically identical to the parent, and thus they are clones of the single parent hydra. A clone could also be a replica of a DNA sequence that is produced through genetic engineering.
However, these definitions of a clone don’t really address the current debate about cloning. A sheep named Dolly was the very first clone of an adult mammal. Dolly was news because for the first time a clone was created from differentiated cells – that is, cells that were not embryonic. Since Dolly, researchers the world over have been creating clones of other mammals, including mice and cows. Because human beings are also mammals, scientists have begun to discuss the ethical, moral, legal, and biological issues that might result from the cloning of human beings. Under what circumstances should cloning be allowed? Is it acceptable to clone bacteria or mice? Is it acceptable to clone your favorite pet animal? Should cloning of human organs be allowed? Should cloning of human beings be allowed? What kinds of restrictions should be placed on cloning technologies?
Task
Your job in this WebQuest is to form an opinion as to whether human cloning should be allowed. You will learn what cloning is and how clones are made. You will research the ethical arguments both for, and against, human cloning. You will find out if there are any laws regarding the cloning of humans and what those laws state. You will identify some of the moral issues that accompany the cloning of human beings. Finally, you will form an opinion as to whether human cloning should be allowed.
Once you have done your research, you will write a set of ethical standards that you think should be used to govern the use of cloning technologies. Then you will prepare a set of ten questions that relate to your standards and use these questions on a survey form. You will interview at least ten people and ask them to complete the survey. Finally, you will compile the survey results and compare these results to your standards. How do your ethical standards compare to the survey results?
Resources
Look at the web sites given here to find the information that will enable you to form your opinion about human cloning.
What is cloning?
What is a clone? At this WorldBook.com site you can read about what a clone is and the different types of clones.
Cloning Plants by Tissue Culture. Go to this site to find out how plant nurseries clone common garden plants.
The Mammal Copiers – Advances in Cloning. At this Australian Academy of Science site you can read about the cloning of plants and about asexual reproduction in general. Scroll down to learn how Dolly the sheep was cloned and the position the Academy has taken on human cloning.
How are clones made?
Cloning 1-2-3: Making a Ewe. Visit this site to learn more about the sheep named Dolly, the first mammal to be cloned, and cloning techniques.
Conceiving a Clone. Go to this site to learn more about cloning and to read a discussion about the ethics of cloning.
Cloning: Issues, Questions and Answers. At this American Farm Bureau site you can find some answers to questions about cloning.
What are some of the legal issues involved in cloning of humans?
Legislation Pertaining to Cloning Human Beings. Go to this site to see what laws govern human cloning in the United States.
Japan to Imprison Cloning Offenders. At this site you can read an article about efforts in Japan to ban cloning of humans.
What are some of the moral and ethical concerns about cloning?
Ethical Concerns. Visit this Worldbook.com site to learn about some of the ethical concerns inherent in cloning, especially cloning of human beings.
Genetic Engineering and Cloning: Improving Nature of Uncorking the Genie? Visit this site by clicking the start button. The site describes the cloning of Dolly and offers a forum for people to debate the ethics of human cloning.
The Cloning Debate. Go to this article by the Washington Post online to read about the debate over cloning. You can vote in a survey here on whether the United States should ban human cloning. Click on featured story to see other reports on cloning.
The Public Speaks on Cloning. Go to this site to see the results of a report on the public’s perspective on human cloning.
The Benefits of Human Cloning. Visit this site by the Human Cloning Foundation to read about some of the possible benefits of human cloning.
Human Cloning: Introduction. At this site, scroll down to find out what cloning is, the history of cloning, and how it is done. You may also read about the moral issues involved with cloning here.
Human Cloning. This site has an introductory article on human cloning, videos about cloning, and lists of reasons both for and against human cloning. It includes resources for students who are researching human cloning.
Genetic Encores: The Ethics of Human Cloning. Visit this site by the Institute for Philosophy and Public Policy to read about the ethics of human cloning.
Executive Summary: Cloning Human Beings. Go to this site to read the results of the National Bioethics Advisory Commission’s attempt to address the ethical and legal issues that surround human cloning.
Human Cloning? Don’t Just Say No. At this U.S. News online site you can read an article by a professor of bioethics from Albert Einstein College of Medicine.
Time
3 class periods for research; about two weeks at home to write, give, and compile survey results
Process
Now that you have completed your research on the Internet, form your own opinion about whether or not human cloning should be allowed. Should all kinds of cloning be allowed? If cloning is allowed, should there be any restrictions on what it is used for? Should any kind of cloning be banned altogether? Write a short list of the ethical standards that you think should be used to determine the parameters of cloning technology. Prepare a set of ten questions based on your standards and use these questions to survey your friends, family members, or teachers and classmates to find their opinions about human cloning. Compare your survey results with your own opinion.
Conclusion
In the process of completing this WebQuest, you have become informed about a topic that is in the news almost daily. Cloning is a topic that is the focus of heated debates among scientists, theologians, and legislators as well as the general public. Your research has shown you that there are legitimate concerns on more than one side of this issue. You have successfully gathered information, analyzed it critically, and formulated a position on a complex science issue. How does your opinion compare to those found in your research? How does your opinion compare to those people who completed your survey?
Thursday, May 6, 2010
WebQuest
NEW RESEARCH ON CELLS
Introduction
In the last few years, people have become increasingly aware of the many advances in all aspects of scientific research. There is an abundance of information on the Internet about new scientific discoveries involving cells, such as cloning and stem cell research, as well as answers to interesting questions about how the cells in our bodies work. People who write about scientific topics need to learn about the topics they are investigating in detail. They also need to use a writing style that is appropriate for the place where their pieces will be published. Writing articles for newspapers or magazines is different from writing for the Internet. What are some of the latest scientific discoveries about cells that are reported on the Internet? What types of scientific questions about the cells in the human body are answered on the Internet? How would you summarize this information for publishing on the Internet? In this WebQuest, you will explore new research involving different types of cells, read about how cells in the human body work, and write a summary of one of the topics you researched that is suitable for Internet publication.
Task
Your job in the WebQuest is to learn about current research involving different types of cells. You will investigate how scientists studying diverse scientific topics are adding to the current body of knowledge about cells. You also will explore questions and answers about the roles that different cells play in our bodies. You will answer a set of questions to demonstrate what you have learned. Once you've explored information to increase your knowledge of developments in cell studies and how cells work in the human body, you'll write a summary about one of the topics you investigated. The purpose of this summary is to write about a scientific topic using a style suited for posting on a Web site.
Time
1-2 days to answer the set of questions and write a summary
Process
First, read through the following set of questions before you begin your Internet research. As you explore each site, look for answers to the questions.
Questions about Cells
What do researchers think is one cause of memory impairment related to growing older? What does new research show that may be able to help reverse this process?
How might fat cells be able to help people with spinal cord injuries?
How are frog eggs being used in research involving human cells?
What are Schwann cells? How are they affected in multiple sclerosis patients?
What role do cells play in preventing the stomach from digesting itself?
Next, visit the Web sites listed to find more information about another type of recent research involving cells.
Write a summary of that topic that includes more than the answer to one of the questions. Your summary should be written to appear on a Web page about cells, life science, scientific research, systems in the human body, or a related subject.
Resources
Look at the web sites given here to find information that will help you answer questions about cell research, and to gather information to use as you write your summary.
http://www.howstuffworks.com/question464.htm
This article describes the digestive process and answers questions about human stomach cells.
http://www.nature.com/nsu/010301/010301-5.html
Read this description of how human cells were tested in rats as part of a study of multiple sclerosis therapies.
http://www.nature.com/nsu/030714/030714-3.html
This article describes how scientists at Cambridge University in Great Britain are studying the use of frog eggs in the rebuilding of human cells.
http://www.wired.com/news/technology/0,1282,33465,00.html
Scientists in Israel have studied how cells might be programmed to keep watch to signal the body about potential disease.
http://www.ajc.com/health/content/shared-auto/healthnews/brai/507400.html
Learn about the discoveries scientists have made while studying human fat cells.
http://content.health.msn.com/content/article/22/1728_55460
This article discusses how it may be possible to regrow brain cells, a process that was once thought to be impossible.
You may use these resources to provide detailed information about how to write effectively for a Web-based audience:
http://www.efuse.com/Design/web_writing_basics.html
http://www.efuse.com/Design/effective_writing.html
http://www.e-gineer.com/articles/web-writing-for-many-interest-levels.phtml
http://www.leafdigital.com/class/lessons/writing/10.html
http://www.useit.com/alertbox/9703b.html
Conclusion
In the process of completing this WebQuest, you've read about recent research involving cells. You've found answers to questions about how the cells function in the human body. In the process of answering questions, your research gave you further insight to current and ongoing scientific study about cells. You've also enhanced your writing skills by preparing a summary about one of the research topics you investigated. The summary you wrote gave you the opportunity to understand more about the scientific content as well as present the information in a style compatible with publishing on the Web.
Introduction
In the last few years, people have become increasingly aware of the many advances in all aspects of scientific research. There is an abundance of information on the Internet about new scientific discoveries involving cells, such as cloning and stem cell research, as well as answers to interesting questions about how the cells in our bodies work. People who write about scientific topics need to learn about the topics they are investigating in detail. They also need to use a writing style that is appropriate for the place where their pieces will be published. Writing articles for newspapers or magazines is different from writing for the Internet. What are some of the latest scientific discoveries about cells that are reported on the Internet? What types of scientific questions about the cells in the human body are answered on the Internet? How would you summarize this information for publishing on the Internet? In this WebQuest, you will explore new research involving different types of cells, read about how cells in the human body work, and write a summary of one of the topics you researched that is suitable for Internet publication.
Task
Your job in the WebQuest is to learn about current research involving different types of cells. You will investigate how scientists studying diverse scientific topics are adding to the current body of knowledge about cells. You also will explore questions and answers about the roles that different cells play in our bodies. You will answer a set of questions to demonstrate what you have learned. Once you've explored information to increase your knowledge of developments in cell studies and how cells work in the human body, you'll write a summary about one of the topics you investigated. The purpose of this summary is to write about a scientific topic using a style suited for posting on a Web site.
Time
1-2 days to answer the set of questions and write a summary
Process
First, read through the following set of questions before you begin your Internet research. As you explore each site, look for answers to the questions.
Questions about Cells
What do researchers think is one cause of memory impairment related to growing older? What does new research show that may be able to help reverse this process?
How might fat cells be able to help people with spinal cord injuries?
How are frog eggs being used in research involving human cells?
What are Schwann cells? How are they affected in multiple sclerosis patients?
What role do cells play in preventing the stomach from digesting itself?
Next, visit the Web sites listed to find more information about another type of recent research involving cells.
Write a summary of that topic that includes more than the answer to one of the questions. Your summary should be written to appear on a Web page about cells, life science, scientific research, systems in the human body, or a related subject.
Resources
Look at the web sites given here to find information that will help you answer questions about cell research, and to gather information to use as you write your summary.
http://www.howstuffworks.com/question464.htm
This article describes the digestive process and answers questions about human stomach cells.
http://www.nature.com/nsu/010301/010301-5.html
Read this description of how human cells were tested in rats as part of a study of multiple sclerosis therapies.
http://www.nature.com/nsu/030714/030714-3.html
This article describes how scientists at Cambridge University in Great Britain are studying the use of frog eggs in the rebuilding of human cells.
http://www.wired.com/news/technology/0,1282,33465,00.html
Scientists in Israel have studied how cells might be programmed to keep watch to signal the body about potential disease.
http://www.ajc.com/health/content/shared-auto/healthnews/brai/507400.html
Learn about the discoveries scientists have made while studying human fat cells.
http://content.health.msn.com/content/article/22/1728_55460
This article discusses how it may be possible to regrow brain cells, a process that was once thought to be impossible.
You may use these resources to provide detailed information about how to write effectively for a Web-based audience:
http://www.efuse.com/Design/web_writing_basics.html
http://www.efuse.com/Design/effective_writing.html
http://www.e-gineer.com/articles/web-writing-for-many-interest-levels.phtml
http://www.leafdigital.com/class/lessons/writing/10.html
http://www.useit.com/alertbox/9703b.html
Conclusion
In the process of completing this WebQuest, you've read about recent research involving cells. You've found answers to questions about how the cells function in the human body. In the process of answering questions, your research gave you further insight to current and ongoing scientific study about cells. You've also enhanced your writing skills by preparing a summary about one of the research topics you investigated. The summary you wrote gave you the opportunity to understand more about the scientific content as well as present the information in a style compatible with publishing on the Web.
Wednesday, May 5, 2010
Multiple Choice Questions on DNA and Protein Synthesis
D N A & P R O T E I N S Y N T H E S I S
1. One of the functions of DNA is to
A. secrete vacuoles. B. make copies of itself. C. join amino acids to each other. D. carry genetic information
out of the nucleus.
2. Two sugars found in nucleic acids are
A. sucrose and ribose. B. glucose and fructose. C. deoxyribose and ribose. D. deoxyribose and glucose.
3. The number of adenine bases in a DNA molecule equals the number of thymine bases because
A. DNA contains equal numbers of all four bases.
B. thymine always follows adenine on each DNA strand. C. DNA is made of alternating adenine and thymine bases. D. adenine on one strand
bonds to thymine on the other strand.
4. Which of the following would not occur during complementary base pairing?
A. A-T B. U-G C. C-G D. A-U
5. Which of the following describes a DNA molecule?
A. Double helix of glucose sugars and phosphates. B. Ladder-like structure composed of fats
and sugars. C. Double chain of nucleotides joined by hydrogen bonds. D. A chain of alternating phosphates and nitrogenous bases.
6. Which of the following is an example of complementary base pairing?
A. Thymine – uracil. B. Guanine – adenine. C. Adenine – thymine. D.
Cytosine – thymine.
7. Which of the following is the correct matching of base pairs in DNA?
A. Adenine–Guanine and Thymine–Uracil.
B. Guanine–Cytosine and Adenine–Uracil. C. Adenine–Thymine and Guanine–Cytosine. D. Guanine–Thymine and Adenine–Cytosine.
8. DNA replication involves the breaking of bonds between
A. bases. B. sugars and bases. C. phosphates and bases. D. sugars and phosphates.
9. Which of the following statements best describes DNA replication?
A. tRNA, by complementary base pairing with mRNA, produces proteins. B.
RNA nucleotides, by complementary base pairing with DNA, produce DNA. C. DNA nucleotides, by complementary base pairing with DNA,
produce DNA. D. RNA nucleotides, by complementary base pairing with DNA, produce tRNA.
10. The base found in RNA nucleotides but not in DNA nucleotides is
A. uracil (U). B. adenine (A). C. guanine (G). D. cytosine (C).
11. The product of transcription is
A. DNA. B. protein. C. mRNA. D. a ribosome.
12. A section of DNA has the following sequence of nitrogenous bases: CGATTACAG Which of the following sequences would be produced as a
result of transcription?
A. CGTUUTCTG B. GCTAATGTC C. CGAUUACAG D. GCUAAUGUC
13. mRNA is produced in the process called
A. respiration. B. translation. C. replication. D. transcription.
14. A function of transfer RNA (tRNA) is to
A. stay in the nucleus and be copied by DNA. B. carry amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain.
C. copy DNA and carry the information to the ribosome. D. read the codons and provide the site for protein synthesis.
15. Which of the following best describes the function of mRNA?
A. It stays in the nucleus and is copied by DNA. B. It carries amino acids to the
growing polypeptide chain. C. It makes up the ribosomes and provides the site for protein synthesis. D. It is transcribed from the DNA and carries
the information to the ribosome.
16. The molecule that is responsible for carrying amino acids to ribosomes is
A. DNA. B. tRNA. C. rRNA. D. mRNA.
17. A polypeptide found in the cytoplasm of a cell contains 12 amino acids. How many nucleotides would be required in the mRNA for this
polypeptide to be translated?
A. 4 B. 12 C. 24 D. 36
18. If the nucleotide sequence of an anticodon was AUC, then the DNA triplet would be
A. ATC. B. TAG. C. AUC. D. UAG.
19. If the code for an amino acid is AGC on the DNA molecule, the anticodon on the tRNA would be
A. AGC B. TGC C. UCG D. UGC
20. During protein synthesis, peptide bonds are formed at the
A. nucleus. B. nucleolus. C. lysosomes. D. ribosomes.
21. Determine the sequence of amino acids produced by this DNA sequence: GGAGTTTTC
A. Proline, Valine, Lysine. B. Glycine, Valine,
Leucine. C. Proline, Glutamine, Lysine. D. Glycine, Glutamic acid, Leucine.
22. Use the following information to answer the question: 1. Uracil bonds with adenine. 2. Complementary bonding between codon and
anticodon. 3. DNA unzips. 4. mRNA joins with ribosome. The correct order of the above during protein synthesis is
A. 1, 2, 4, 3 B. 1, 3, 2, 4
C. 3, 1, 4, 2 D. 3, 2, 1, 4
23. The tRNA anticodon for the DNA sequence AGT would be
A. UCA. B. AGU. C. TCA. D. AGT.
24. A change in the sequence of bases in a strand of DNA that occurs as a result of exposure to X-rays is an example of
A. mutation. B. denaturation.
C. transcription. D. protein synthesis.
25. For a substance to be classified as a mutagen, it must cause
A. a change in DNA. B. enzymes to denature. C. hydrolysis of proteins. D. mRNA
to be produced.
Raycroft Provincial Multiple Choice Review Page 4
26. Which of the following would be a result of the substitution of one base pair in DNA by a different base pair during replication?
A. A mutation would occur. B. tRNA would bond to DNA. C. Phosphate would join with adenine. D. Uracil would appear in the DNA strand.
27. Recombinant DNA is defined as DNA produced from
A. RNA and a protein. B. DNA and hemoglobin. C. viral DNA and glucose. D. DNA of
two different organisms.
28. When a foreign gene is incorporated into an organism’s nucleic acid, the resulting molecule is called
A. ATP. B. recombinant DNA. C. transfer
RNA (tRNA). D. messenger RNA (mRNA).
29. If the triplet code on a DNA molecule changes from ACT to AGC, the result is called
A. mutation. B. metastasis. C. translation. D.
transcription.
30. Use the following events to answer the question. 1. mRNA is formed. 2. DNA segment opens (unzips). 3. mRNA attaches to ribosomes. 4.
amino acids form peptide bonds. 5. tRNA carries amino acids to mRNA. 6. The correct order of events required for protein synthesis is
A. 1, 2,
3, 4, 5. B. 2, 1, 3, 4, 5. C. 2, 1, 3, 5, 4. D. 2, 1, 4, 5, 3.
31. Which of the following terms describes the process shown below? DNA mRNA
A. Unzipping. B. Translation. C. Replication. D.
Transcription.
32. One of the functions of DNA is to
A. secrete vacuoles. B. make copies of itself. C. join amino acids to each other. D. carry genetic information
out of the nucleus.
33. A role of mRNA in protein synthesis is to
A. form ribosomes. B. form the protein’s tertiary structure. C. carry appropriate amino acids into place.
D. carry genetic information out of the nucleus.
1. One of the functions of DNA is to
A. secrete vacuoles. B. make copies of itself. C. join amino acids to each other. D. carry genetic information
out of the nucleus.
2. Two sugars found in nucleic acids are
A. sucrose and ribose. B. glucose and fructose. C. deoxyribose and ribose. D. deoxyribose and glucose.
3. The number of adenine bases in a DNA molecule equals the number of thymine bases because
A. DNA contains equal numbers of all four bases.
B. thymine always follows adenine on each DNA strand. C. DNA is made of alternating adenine and thymine bases. D. adenine on one strand
bonds to thymine on the other strand.
4. Which of the following would not occur during complementary base pairing?
A. A-T B. U-G C. C-G D. A-U
5. Which of the following describes a DNA molecule?
A. Double helix of glucose sugars and phosphates. B. Ladder-like structure composed of fats
and sugars. C. Double chain of nucleotides joined by hydrogen bonds. D. A chain of alternating phosphates and nitrogenous bases.
6. Which of the following is an example of complementary base pairing?
A. Thymine – uracil. B. Guanine – adenine. C. Adenine – thymine. D.
Cytosine – thymine.
7. Which of the following is the correct matching of base pairs in DNA?
A. Adenine–Guanine and Thymine–Uracil.
B. Guanine–Cytosine and Adenine–Uracil. C. Adenine–Thymine and Guanine–Cytosine. D. Guanine–Thymine and Adenine–Cytosine.
8. DNA replication involves the breaking of bonds between
A. bases. B. sugars and bases. C. phosphates and bases. D. sugars and phosphates.
9. Which of the following statements best describes DNA replication?
A. tRNA, by complementary base pairing with mRNA, produces proteins. B.
RNA nucleotides, by complementary base pairing with DNA, produce DNA. C. DNA nucleotides, by complementary base pairing with DNA,
produce DNA. D. RNA nucleotides, by complementary base pairing with DNA, produce tRNA.
10. The base found in RNA nucleotides but not in DNA nucleotides is
A. uracil (U). B. adenine (A). C. guanine (G). D. cytosine (C).
11. The product of transcription is
A. DNA. B. protein. C. mRNA. D. a ribosome.
12. A section of DNA has the following sequence of nitrogenous bases: CGATTACAG Which of the following sequences would be produced as a
result of transcription?
A. CGTUUTCTG B. GCTAATGTC C. CGAUUACAG D. GCUAAUGUC
13. mRNA is produced in the process called
A. respiration. B. translation. C. replication. D. transcription.
14. A function of transfer RNA (tRNA) is to
A. stay in the nucleus and be copied by DNA. B. carry amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain.
C. copy DNA and carry the information to the ribosome. D. read the codons and provide the site for protein synthesis.
15. Which of the following best describes the function of mRNA?
A. It stays in the nucleus and is copied by DNA. B. It carries amino acids to the
growing polypeptide chain. C. It makes up the ribosomes and provides the site for protein synthesis. D. It is transcribed from the DNA and carries
the information to the ribosome.
16. The molecule that is responsible for carrying amino acids to ribosomes is
A. DNA. B. tRNA. C. rRNA. D. mRNA.
17. A polypeptide found in the cytoplasm of a cell contains 12 amino acids. How many nucleotides would be required in the mRNA for this
polypeptide to be translated?
A. 4 B. 12 C. 24 D. 36
18. If the nucleotide sequence of an anticodon was AUC, then the DNA triplet would be
A. ATC. B. TAG. C. AUC. D. UAG.
19. If the code for an amino acid is AGC on the DNA molecule, the anticodon on the tRNA would be
A. AGC B. TGC C. UCG D. UGC
20. During protein synthesis, peptide bonds are formed at the
A. nucleus. B. nucleolus. C. lysosomes. D. ribosomes.
21. Determine the sequence of amino acids produced by this DNA sequence: GGAGTTTTC
A. Proline, Valine, Lysine. B. Glycine, Valine,
Leucine. C. Proline, Glutamine, Lysine. D. Glycine, Glutamic acid, Leucine.
22. Use the following information to answer the question: 1. Uracil bonds with adenine. 2. Complementary bonding between codon and
anticodon. 3. DNA unzips. 4. mRNA joins with ribosome. The correct order of the above during protein synthesis is
A. 1, 2, 4, 3 B. 1, 3, 2, 4
C. 3, 1, 4, 2 D. 3, 2, 1, 4
23. The tRNA anticodon for the DNA sequence AGT would be
A. UCA. B. AGU. C. TCA. D. AGT.
24. A change in the sequence of bases in a strand of DNA that occurs as a result of exposure to X-rays is an example of
A. mutation. B. denaturation.
C. transcription. D. protein synthesis.
25. For a substance to be classified as a mutagen, it must cause
A. a change in DNA. B. enzymes to denature. C. hydrolysis of proteins. D. mRNA
to be produced.
Raycroft Provincial Multiple Choice Review Page 4
26. Which of the following would be a result of the substitution of one base pair in DNA by a different base pair during replication?
A. A mutation would occur. B. tRNA would bond to DNA. C. Phosphate would join with adenine. D. Uracil would appear in the DNA strand.
27. Recombinant DNA is defined as DNA produced from
A. RNA and a protein. B. DNA and hemoglobin. C. viral DNA and glucose. D. DNA of
two different organisms.
28. When a foreign gene is incorporated into an organism’s nucleic acid, the resulting molecule is called
A. ATP. B. recombinant DNA. C. transfer
RNA (tRNA). D. messenger RNA (mRNA).
29. If the triplet code on a DNA molecule changes from ACT to AGC, the result is called
A. mutation. B. metastasis. C. translation. D.
transcription.
30. Use the following events to answer the question. 1. mRNA is formed. 2. DNA segment opens (unzips). 3. mRNA attaches to ribosomes. 4.
amino acids form peptide bonds. 5. tRNA carries amino acids to mRNA. 6. The correct order of events required for protein synthesis is
A. 1, 2,
3, 4, 5. B. 2, 1, 3, 4, 5. C. 2, 1, 3, 5, 4. D. 2, 1, 4, 5, 3.
31. Which of the following terms describes the process shown below? DNA mRNA
A. Unzipping. B. Translation. C. Replication. D.
Transcription.
32. One of the functions of DNA is to
A. secrete vacuoles. B. make copies of itself. C. join amino acids to each other. D. carry genetic information
out of the nucleus.
33. A role of mRNA in protein synthesis is to
A. form ribosomes. B. form the protein’s tertiary structure. C. carry appropriate amino acids into place.
D. carry genetic information out of the nucleus.
DNA
1. Who proposed the double helix structure of DNA?
2. Give three differences between DNA and RNA
3. Where DNA is located in the cell?
4. What is DNA finger printing?
5.Explain the methods of extraction of DNA from the cell
Search the following web addresses for the answers
www.diffen.com/difference/DNA_vs_RNA
http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-dna-fingerprinting.htm
www.protocol-online.org/.../DNA/DNA_Extraction.../DNA_Extraction...Cell.../index.html
Tuesday, May 4, 2010
DNA molecular visualisations
For information go to the following web addresses
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E8NHcQesYl8
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qy8dk5iS1f0&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZXt4pDVb2W0&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cwfO6SzGaEg&feature=related
For information go to the following web addresses
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E8NHcQesYl8
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qy8dk5iS1f0&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZXt4pDVb2W0&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cwfO6SzGaEg&feature=related
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